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Like urinary tract infections, cystitis is a preventable condition that can be avoided by following simple precautions. Some of the steps that can be taken to prevent cystitis and other urinary tract infections include: Maintaining personal hygiene and keeping the genital area clear. Women should remember to wipe from front to back to reduce the risk of contaminating the urinary […]
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The prostate gland is a small gland that lies beneath the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum in males. The gland surrounds the top end of the urethra which carries urine from the bladder out of the body via the penis. The gland's size may vary with age. It is around the size of a walnut in younger […]
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Some of the facts about cystic fibrosis are listed below. CauseCystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that arises due to a mutation in the gene that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). InheritanceEveryone inherits two CFTR genes, one from their mother and one from their father. When a person inherits one abnormal copy of the CFTR gene, […]
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Influenza pandemics have occurred over the past few centuries at intervals of between 10 and 40 years, resulting with high morbidity and mortality, as well as huge economic impacts. Considering the uncertainties regarding the origin, timing and virulence of future pandemic strains, planning strategies for an effective response have become the chief priority of global public health efforts. Many countries […]
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Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis is a disease that is caught from infected triatomine bugs or "kissing bugs". The disease can cause serious damage to the heart and stomach. Chagas disease is more common in certain regions of the world including Mexico, Central America and South American countries such as Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Ecuador, Colombia, […]
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Metabolic syndrome is a condition characterized by the presence diabetes, obesity and high blood pressure. These conditions increase the risk of cardiovascular illnesses such as stroke and heart disease. Individually, diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity can lead to vascular damage, but a combination of these illnesses is particularly dangerous. As these conditions are so common, metabolic syndrome is estimated […]
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The treatment of fistulas requires surgery to correct the abnormal connection or passageway that has formed between two organs or vessels. One common complication of fistulas is infection, which needs to combated using an appropriate antibiotics. Treatment ultimately depends on the type of fistula and the associated risks and symptoms. Typically, the treatment approach to fistulas involves: Detailed examination of […]
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Electrolytes are essential substances in the body required for cell function and cell signalling. In the human body, the main electrolytes are: Sodium (Na+) Potassium (K+) Calcium (Ca2+) Magnesium (Mg2+) Chloride (Cl−) Hydrogen phosphate (HPO42−) Hydrogen carbonate (HCO3−). The plus or minus symbol indicates the ionic nature of the substance and its either positive or negative charge as a result of dissociation. Importance of electrolytes These electrolytes […]
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Also called abusive head trauma, shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is the end result of an infant being violently shaken. It is the main cause of death or neurological injury in infants who are abused. The perpetrators in approximately 90% of all SBS cases are males, typically the biological father of the infants. Quite frequently, child abuse is under-recognized by respective […]
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There are several precautionary steps that can aid in the prevention of lymphedema or relief of symptoms for those with the condition. This is particularly important for population groups that have a notably increased risk of lymphedema, such as those that have undergone treatment for breast cancer. The appropriate care plan involves a combination of skin care techniques, a healthy […]
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